Environment & Ecology Current Affairs - 2026-04-24

Background: Coral reefs are vital marine ecosystems, supporting immense biodiversity and providing coastal protection. They are highly sensitive to changes in ocean temperature and chemistry. Current Context: Recent studies indicate that rising sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification, driven by climate change, are causing significant bleaching events and degradation of India's coral reefs, particularly in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Gulf of Mannar. Impact: This poses a severe threat to marine life dependent on these reefs, impacting fisheries, tourism, and the livelihoods of coastal communities. Urgent conservation measures and global climate action are needed to protect these fragile ecosystems.

Background: India has a rich biodiversity but faces challenges in its conservation due to habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. A robust policy framework is essential for effective management. Current Context: The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has unveiled a new National Policy on Biodiversity Conservation, aiming to strengthen in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts. The policy emphasizes community participation, sustainable resource utilization, and integration of traditional knowledge. Impact: This policy is expected to enhance the protection of endangered species, restore degraded habitats, and promote sustainable development practices, thereby safeguarding India's natural heritage for future generations.

Background: Protected areas, such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, are crucial for conserving biodiversity and providing safe havens for endangered species. Their effective management is key to species survival. Current Context: The National Board for Wildlife has approved the expansion of several existing protected areas and the designation of new ones across various states. This initiative is driven by recent assessments highlighting increased threats to species like the Bengal Tiger, Snow Leopard, and Great Indian Bustard. Impact: The expansion will provide larger, contiguous habitats, reduce human-wildlife conflict, and improve the genetic diversity and long-term survival prospects of critically endangered species, contributing significantly to India's conservation goals.