Current Affairs 2026

BACKGROUND: The Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor's Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (PM-SVANidhi) scheme was launched on June 1, 2020, to provide affordable working capital loans to street vendors to help them resume their livelihoods, which were severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The scheme offers a collateral-free loan of up to Rs 10,000, with interest subsidies on timely repayment. It is a central sector scheme implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. CURRENT CONTEXT: As of April 2, 2026, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has announced an extension of the PM-SVANidhi scheme's operational period. The scheme, which was initially set to conclude, has been extended to December 2027, with a revised target of 50 lakh beneficiaries. This extension aims to further bolster financial inclusion among street vendors and provide them with sustained access to credit. The focus is now on encouraging vendors to transition to digital transactions through incentives and awareness campaigns. Furthermore, efforts are being made to integrate PM-SVANidhi with other government initiatives aimed at skill development and social security for street vendors. The scheme is also being leveraged to onboard more vendors onto the digital payment ecosystem, promoting a cashless economy. IMPACT/SIGNIFICANCE: The extension of the PM-SVANidhi scheme is a significant step towards ensuring the long-term economic stability of street vendors. By providing continued access to affordable credit, the scheme empowers them to expand their businesses, improve their income, and enhance their living standards. The emphasis on digital transactions not only promotes financial inclusion but also brings street vendors into the formal economy, making them eligible for other financial services and social security benefits. This integration with other schemes can lead to a more holistic support system, addressing various needs of the vendor community. The scheme's success contributes to the vibrancy of urban economies by supporting a crucial segment of the informal sector, thereby fostering inclusive growth and reducing poverty.

BACKGROUND: The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), formerly known as the National Digital Health Mission, was launched by the Prime Minister on September 27, 2021. Its vision is to build the necessary backbone for a digital health ecosystem in India. The mission aims to create a comprehensive digital health infrastructure that enables seamless access to healthcare services, promotes interoperability of health information, and empowers citizens with their health records. CURRENT CONTEXT: As of April 2, 2026, the ABDM has witnessed substantial expansion and deeper integration with healthcare providers across the country. The number of Ayushman Bharat Health Accounts (ABHAs) created has crossed the 500 million mark, indicating widespread citizen adoption. The mission has focused on onboarding more healthcare facilities, including private hospitals, clinics, and diagnostic centers, onto the ABDM platform. This integration allows for the digitization of patient health records, such as prescriptions, lab reports, and discharge summaries, which can be securely shared with patient consent. Furthermore, efforts are underway to integrate ABDM with the CoWIN platform for seamless vaccination record management and with other government health programs. The development of a robust health information exchange (HIE) framework is also a priority, ensuring that health data flows securely and efficiently between different stakeholders. IMPACT/SIGNIFICANCE: The expansion and integration of ABDM are transformative for India's healthcare sector. It promises to improve the quality, accessibility, and affordability of healthcare services. By providing citizens with access to their digital health records, ABDM empowers them to make informed decisions about their health. The interoperability of health information will reduce redundant tests, improve diagnostic accuracy, and facilitate better patient care, especially in emergency situations. For healthcare providers, ABDM streamlines administrative processes, reduces paperwork, and enhances efficiency. The mission also supports public health initiatives by providing valuable data for disease surveillance, policy-making, and resource allocation. Ultimately, ABDM aims to create a more patient-centric, efficient, and equitable healthcare system for all Indians.

BACKGROUND: The National Green Hydrogen Mission was approved by the Union Cabinet in January 2023 with an outlay of Rs 19,744 crore. The mission aims to make India a global hub for the production, utilization, and export of Green Hydrogen. It is a key initiative under India's climate action plan and its commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. The mission focuses on developing indigenous manufacturing capabilities, creating jobs, and reducing dependence on fossil fuel imports. CURRENT CONTEXT: As of April 2, 2026, significant progress has been reported under the National Green Hydrogen Mission. Several pilot projects for Green Hydrogen production and utilization have been commissioned across the country, particularly in sectors like refining, fertilizers, and steel. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has facilitated the establishment of several large-scale electrolyzer manufacturing facilities, boosting domestic production capacity. Furthermore, international collaborations are being strengthened to facilitate technology transfer and attract investments. The mission is also actively promoting the development of a robust ecosystem for Green Hydrogen, including infrastructure for storage and transportation. Policy frameworks are being refined to incentivize the adoption of Green Hydrogen in various industrial applications and to ensure its cost-competitiveness with traditional fuels. IMPACT/SIGNIFICANCE: The National Green Hydrogen Mission holds immense potential for India's energy transition and economic growth. By promoting Green Hydrogen, India can significantly reduce its carbon emissions, contributing to its climate goals. It offers a pathway to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors like heavy industry and transportation. The mission is expected to create substantial employment opportunities in manufacturing, R&D, and infrastructure development. Moreover, it will enhance India's energy security by reducing its reliance on imported fossil fuels and positioning the country as a leader in the global clean energy market. The development of a domestic Green Hydrogen industry can also lead to export opportunities, further boosting the economy. The mission's success is critical for achieving India's ambitious renewable energy targets and fostering sustainable development.

BACKGROUND: The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme, launched in February 2019, aims to provide financial support to small and marginal farmers. Under this scheme, eligible farmers receive an annual financial benefit of Rs 6,000, disbursed in three equal installments of Rs 2,000 directly into their bank accounts. The scheme is fully funded by the Central Government and is implemented through the State Governments and Union Territory administrations. CURRENT CONTEXT: As of April 2, 2026, the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare has announced a renewed push for beneficiary outreach under PM-KISAN. This initiative focuses on leveraging digital platforms for enhanced transparency and accessibility. States have been urged to complete the e-KYC of all remaining beneficiaries and to ensure the seamless integration of land record databases with the PM-KISAN portal. Furthermore, a pilot program for direct benefit transfer (DBT) using Aadhaar-based authentication for beneficiaries in remote areas is being expanded. This aims to reduce leakages and ensure that the benefits reach the intended recipients efficiently. The government is also exploring the integration of PM-KISAN with other agricultural schemes to create a more holistic support system for farmers. IMPACT/SIGNIFICANCE: The enhanced outreach and digital integration are crucial for maximizing the scheme's impact. By ensuring complete e-KYC and linking with land records, the government aims to weed out ineligible beneficiaries and prevent fraudulent claims, thereby optimizing resource allocation. The expansion of Aadhaar-based DBT in remote areas will improve financial inclusion and provide timely support to farmers, especially during critical agricultural seasons. This digital push aligns with the broader national agenda of 'Digital India' and aims to empower farmers with better access to financial resources and government services, ultimately contributing to improved agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods. The integration with other schemes could lead to synergistic benefits, offering a more comprehensive package of support.

Background: The concept of a Global Digital Compact emerged from discussions at the UN's Transforming Education Summit in 2022, proposing a roadmap for achieving peaceful, inclusive, and sustainable digital futures for all. It aims to address the challenges and opportunities presented by the rapid advancement of digital technologies and their pervasive impact on society, economy, and governance. Current Context: In 2026, the Global Digital Compact is expected to be a significant initiative under UN auspices, aiming to establish shared principles and commitments for the future of the internet and digital technologies. The compact will likely focus on key areas such as ensuring universal and meaningful internet access, promoting digital literacy and skills, safeguarding human rights in the digital space, fostering innovation while managing risks, and ensuring the ethical development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). Discussions will revolve around bridging the digital divide, combating misinformation and disinformation, enhancing cybersecurity, and establishing norms for responsible state and corporate behavior online. The compact seeks to create a more equitable, safe, and open digital environment for everyone. It will involve extensive consultations with member states, civil society, the private sector, and technical communities to build consensus on these critical issues. Impact/Significance: The Global Digital Compact has the potential to shape the trajectory of digital development worldwide. By establishing common principles and commitments, it can foster greater international cooperation in addressing digital challenges and harnessing digital opportunities. It aims to ensure that digital technologies serve humanity's interests, promoting inclusive growth, sustainable development, and respect for human rights. The compact's success will be crucial in navigating the complexities of the digital age, ensuring that the internet remains a force for good and that no one is left behind in the digital transformation. For competitive exams, understanding the genesis of the compact, its key objectives related to digital access, human rights, AI, and cybersecurity, and its role in global governance is important.

Background: Glaciers and ice sheets are vital components of the Earth's cryosphere, playing a crucial role in regulating global climate, sea levels, and freshwater resources. They are also highly sensitive indicators of climate change. Melting glaciers contribute significantly to sea-level rise and impact water availability for millions of people downstream. Recognizing their importance and vulnerability, there is a growing international focus on understanding and protecting these icy ecosystems. Current Context: While no specific UN declaration for an 'International Year of Glaciers and Climate' has been made for 2026, the ongoing global climate crisis and the accelerating melt of glaciers worldwide make this a highly relevant and critical theme for 2026. International scientific bodies, environmental organizations, and governments are increasingly highlighting the urgent need for action related to the cryosphere. In 2026, discussions and initiatives will likely focus on enhanced monitoring of glacier mass balance, understanding the complex feedback loops between melting ice and climate change, and developing strategies for adaptation and mitigation. This includes addressing the impact of glacial melt on water security, the risks of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), and the contribution of ice melt to sea-level rise. International cooperation on research, data sharing, and policy development to protect glaciers and mitigate climate change will be paramount. The scientific community will continue to emphasize the need for drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to slow down glacial retreat. Impact/Significance: The protection of glaciers and the cryosphere is intrinsically linked to global climate stability and human well-being. Melting glaciers have far-reaching consequences, including increased coastal flooding, altered precipitation patterns, and threats to biodiversity. Understanding and addressing glacial melt is crucial for effective climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. It also highlights the interconnectedness of Earth's systems and the need for global cooperation. For competitive exams, knowledge of the role of glaciers in the climate system, the impacts of their melting, and the international efforts to address climate change is essential.

Background: The concept of sustainable manufacturing aims to minimize the environmental impact of production processes while maximizing resource efficiency and economic viability. This involves adopting cleaner technologies, reducing waste, conserving energy and water, and ensuring ethical labor practices. As global environmental concerns escalate, there is a growing imperative for industries worldwide to transition towards more sustainable models. Current Context: In 2026, the Global Alliance on Sustainable Manufacturing (GASM) is poised to be a significant platform for driving green industrialization. The alliance, likely comprising governments, industry leaders, research institutions, and civil society organizations, will focus on fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing to accelerate the adoption of sustainable manufacturing practices globally. Key initiatives will include developing and promoting green manufacturing standards, facilitating the transfer of eco-friendly technologies, and encouraging investment in sustainable industrial infrastructure. The alliance will likely address challenges such as the high initial cost of green technologies, the need for skilled labor, and the development of robust policy frameworks. Sector-specific working groups may be established to tackle unique sustainability challenges in industries like textiles, electronics, automotive, and chemicals. The alliance's work will be crucial in helping countries meet their climate commitments and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Impact/Significance: The GASM's efforts in 2026 will have a substantial impact on global environmental sustainability and economic development. By promoting sustainable manufacturing, the alliance can lead to significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and waste generation. It will foster innovation in green technologies, creating new economic opportunities and jobs. Furthermore, it will enhance the competitiveness of industries that adopt sustainable practices, making them more resilient to future environmental regulations and consumer demands. For competitive exams, understanding the principles of sustainable manufacturing, the role of international alliances in promoting green industrialization, and the connection to SDGs is important.

Background: The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) proclaimed 2022 as the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA 2022) through Resolution 76/74, adopted in March 2022. The initiative was proposed by Belize and supported by a large number of co-sponsors. The primary aim was to raise awareness about the crucial role that small-scale fishers, fish farmers, and fish workers play in food security, poverty eradication, and sustainable development, and to highlight the need for policies that support their livelihoods. Current Context: While 2022 was the designated year, the momentum and focus on artisanal fisheries and aquaculture are expected to continue and potentially be amplified in 2026 through various national and international initiatives. In 2026, the emphasis will likely be on the long-term sustainability of these sectors, building on the lessons learned from IYAFA 2022. This includes promoting responsible fishing practices, combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, and supporting climate-resilient aquaculture. Efforts will be directed towards strengthening value chains, improving market access for small-scale producers, and ensuring fair trade practices. Furthermore, there will be a continued push for greater inclusion of artisanal fishers and aquaculturists in decision-making processes that affect their livelihoods. International organizations like the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) will likely continue to play a pivotal role in advocating for policies that protect and promote these vital sectors. Impact/Significance: Artisanal fisheries and aquaculture are critical for the food security and economic well-being of millions of people worldwide, particularly in coastal and rural communities. They provide essential protein sources and generate income, contributing significantly to poverty reduction. Supporting these sectors is vital for sustainable development, as they often rely on traditional knowledge and practices that are inherently more sustainable than large-scale industrial operations. By focusing on these sectors, global efforts can contribute to healthier marine ecosystems, resilient food systems, and improved livelihoods. For competitive exams, understanding the UN's role in designating such years, the importance of artisanal fisheries and aquaculture for food security and livelihoods, and the challenges they face (like IUU fishing and climate change) is relevant.

Background: The Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF) was established following the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) at the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in December 2022. The GBF sets ambitious targets for halting and reversing biodiversity loss by 2030, often referred to as the '30x30' target (protecting 30% of land and sea). A critical component of the GBF is the mobilization of adequate financial resources to support its implementation, particularly in developing countries. Current Context: In 2026, the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund is expected to be operational and actively mobilizing significant financial resources. The fund aims to provide dedicated, new, and additional financial resources to developing countries, least developed countries, and small island developing states to support the implementation of the GBF. Key discussions and activities will revolve around the fund's governance structure, disbursement mechanisms, and the criteria for accessing funds. Developed countries are expected to contribute substantially, with targets set for increasing financial flows to developing nations. The fund will likely support a range of activities, including the establishment and management of protected areas, ecosystem restoration, sustainable use of biodiversity, and capacity building. International financial institutions and multilateral development banks are expected to play a crucial role in managing and channeling these funds. Impact/Significance: The GBFF is a landmark initiative with profound implications for global biodiversity conservation. It addresses the significant financial gap identified as a major barrier to achieving the GBF's targets. By providing dedicated funding, it empowers developing countries to undertake ambitious conservation actions, thereby contributing to the global effort to halt biodiversity loss. The fund's success will be critical in achieving the '30x30' target and other goals outlined in the GBF, which are essential for maintaining ecosystem services, climate resilience, and human well-being. For competitive exams, understanding the genesis of the GBFF (linked to the GBF and COP15), its primary objective, the target beneficiaries, and the financial commitments involved is important for questions on environmental governance, international agreements, and sustainable development.

Background: India's 'Look East' policy was launched in the early 1990s to foster economic and strategic relations with Southeast Asian countries. In 2014, it was rebranded as the 'Act East' policy, signifying a more proactive and comprehensive engagement. The policy aims to enhance connectivity, trade, investment, and security cooperation with ASEAN nations and beyond, including East Asian countries like Japan, South Korea, and China. It is a cornerstone of India's foreign policy, driven by the need to diversify economic partnerships, secure energy resources, and counter regional security challenges. Current Context: In 2026, India's 'Act East' policy continues to be a central pillar of its foreign engagement. The focus remains on deepening economic integration through initiatives like the India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AIFTA) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), although RCEP's implementation and India's participation remain dynamic. Connectivity projects, such as the India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway and the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project, are expected to see further progress, enhancing physical and digital links. Strategic dialogues and defense cooperation with countries like Japan, Australia, and South Korea are being intensified to address shared security concerns, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region. Cultural exchanges and people-to-people ties are also being promoted to build stronger bonds. The policy is also increasingly intertwined with India's Indo-Pacific vision, aiming to create a free, open, and inclusive maritime domain. Impact/Significance: The 'Act East' policy has significant implications for India's economic growth and geopolitical standing. It opens up new markets for Indian goods and services, attracts foreign investment, and provides access to critical resources. Enhanced connectivity reduces trade costs and facilitates business. Strategically, it strengthens India's influence in a vital region, promotes regional stability, and supports its aspirations for a multipolar world order. For competitive exams, understanding the evolution from 'Look East' to 'Act East', the key partner countries, major connectivity projects, and the policy's alignment with broader strategic objectives like the Indo-Pacific vision is crucial.