Environment & Ecology MCQs - 2026-09-02

Initially, melting glaciers increase river discharge, but as the glacial mass shrinks, the long-term water supply to perennial rivers will significantly decrease, threatening water security.

Global warming raises ambient temperatures, while black carbon (soot) from industrial and vehicular emissions reduces the albedo of snow, causing it to absorb more heat and melt faster.

Accelerated melting leads to the formation of unstable glacial lakes, significantly increasing the risk of GLOFs, which pose severe threats to downstream infrastructure and communities.

The policy emphasizes the 4R framework (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover) to transition from a linear 'take-make-dispose' model to a circular economy model.

EPR mandates that producers, importers, and brand owners are responsible for the environmentally sound management of the product until the end of its life, specifically focusing on collection and recycling targets.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is the nodal agency responsible for framing and implementing policies related to plastic waste management and circular economy in India.