Environment & Ecology MCQs - 2026-05-12

Mangroves are unique trees and shrubs that thrive in saline coastal intertidal zones, adapting to harsh conditions like high salinity, low oxygen soils, and tidal inundation.

The MISHTI scheme, announced in the Union Budget 2023-24, aims to restore and protect mangrove ecosystems along India's coastlines and salt pan lands, promoting their conservation and sustainable use.

West Bengal, home to the Sundarbans, has the largest mangrove cover in India, followed by Gujarat and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

As per the 2022 Tiger Census, Madhya Pradesh has the highest tiger population in India, followed by Karnataka and Uttarakhand.

Project Tiger was launched in 1973 with the objective of ensuring a viable population of tigers in India and preserving areas of biological importance as a natural heritage.

The 2022 All India Tiger Estimation reported an average estimated tiger population of 3682, with a lower limit of 3167 and an upper limit of 4149.

The National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) is a central sector scheme established in 2015-16 to support concrete adaptation projects and programmes in states/UTs that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.

India updated its NDCs in 2022, committing to reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 45% by 2030, from 2005 levels.

The National Water Mission, one of the eight missions under NAPCC, aims to conserve water, minimize wastage, and ensure more equitable distribution of water across and within states through integrated water resource management, which is vital for climate adaptation.