The NISAR satellite, known for its advanced Earth observation capabilities, utilizes which type of radar technology for high-resolution imaging?
A X-band SAR
B C-band SAR
C L-band SAR
D Both L-band and S-band SAR
Answer: D
NISAR is unique in that it uses two different radar frequencies (L-band and S-band) to provide an unprecedented view of Earth's land and ice surfaces. This dual-frequency capability allows for a more comprehensive understanding of various geophysical processes.
42.
Which advanced Earth Observation Satellite, a joint mission between ISRO and NASA, was successfully launched recently to study Earth's ecosystems, ice mass, vegetation, and natural hazards?
A NISAR
B EOS-07
C Oceansat-3
D Cartosat-3
Answer: A
NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a joint Earth observation mission between NASA and ISRO, designed to observe and measure some of the planet's most complex processes, including ecosystem disturbances, ice-sheet collapse, and natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and landslides. Its launch was anticipated in 2024.
43.
Despite their potential, the widespread adoption of AI models for early disease detection faces several challenges. Which of the following is a key concern?
A Lack of sufficient computing power globally.
B The inability of AI to process medical data.
C Issues related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and regulatory approval.
D High cost of developing traditional diagnostic tools.
Answer: C
Key challenges for the widespread adoption of AI in healthcare include ensuring data privacy and security, addressing algorithmic bias that could lead to disparities in diagnosis, and navigating complex regulatory approval processes for AI-powered medical devices. While computing power is a factor, it's less of a bottleneck than these ethical and logistical concerns. AI is highly capable of processing medical data, and the cost of traditional tools is not a challenge for AI adoption.
44.
In which of the following medical fields are new AI models showing significant promise for early disease detection, particularly through image analysis?
1. Oncology (e.g., mammography, CT scans)
2. Cardiology (e.g., retinal scans for cardiovascular risk)
3. Neurology (e.g., MRI analysis for neurodegenerative diseases)
A 1 only
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D
AI models are demonstrating significant promise across various medical fields for early disease detection, especially through advanced image analysis. This includes oncology for detecting early signs of cancer in scans, cardiology for identifying cardiovascular risks from retinal images, and neurology for spotting subtle changes indicative of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's in MRI scans.
45.
What is considered the most significant advantage of new AI models in the early detection of diseases?
A Reducing the need for human medical professionals.
B Eliminating the requirement for diagnostic imaging.
C Enhancing accuracy and speed in identifying subtle disease markers.
D Providing instant cures for detected conditions.
Answer: C
The most significant advantage of AI in early disease detection is its ability to process vast amounts of data (medical images, genomic data, electronic health records) with high speed and accuracy, identifying subtle patterns or markers that might be missed by human observation, thereby enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention. It complements, rather than replaces, human professionals and diagnostic tools, and does not provide cures.
46.
Which of the following launch vehicles is most commonly used by ISRO for deploying its Earth Observation Satellites into Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits (SSPO)?
A GSLV Mk III
B PSLV
C SSLV
D LVM3
Answer: B
The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is ISRO's workhorse for launching Earth Observation Satellites into Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits (SSPO). It has a proven track record for reliably deploying a variety of remote sensing satellites. GSLV Mk III (now LVM3) is primarily used for heavier communication satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit, and SSLV is for smaller satellites.
47.
The TRISHNA mission, an advanced Earth observation satellite being developed by ISRO in collaboration with a foreign space agency, is primarily designed for:
A High-resolution optical imaging for urban planning.
B Thermal infrared imaging for water and energy balance studies.
C X-ray astronomy for black hole research.
D Monitoring solar flares and space weather.
Answer: B
The TRISHNA (Thermal infraRed Imaging Satellite for High-resolution Natural resource Assessment) mission is a joint venture between ISRO and CNES (French Space Agency). It is designed to provide high-resolution thermal infrared data for monitoring Earth's surface temperature, crucial for water resource management, agricultural monitoring, urban heat island studies, and understanding the Earth's energy balance.
48.
Which of the following statements about the NISAR mission, a joint Earth observation satellite project, is/are correct?
1. It is a collaboration between ISRO and JAXA.
2. It will use dual-frequency L-band and S-band Synthetic Aperture Radar.
3. Its primary objective is to study the Earth's atmosphere and weather patterns.
A 1 only
B 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 3 only
Answer: B
The NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) mission is a joint project between NASA and ISRO. It is designed to use dual-frequency L-band and S-band SAR to observe and measure changes in Earth's land and ice surfaces, providing data on ecosystems, ice mass, vegetation biomass, sea level rise, and natural hazards. Its primary objective is not solely atmosphere and weather patterns, but rather land and ice surface dynamics.
