Science & Technology MCQs - 2026-09-12

A more robust and expanded DSN allows ISRO to manage multiple deep space missions concurrently, reduce communication delays, and receive more detailed scientific data from spacecraft operating far from Earth.

Expanding the DSN involves upgrading ground stations with larger antennas and more sensitive receivers to handle the weaker signals from distant spacecraft and to transmit data more efficiently, which is a focus for ISRO by 2026.

The expansion of ISRO's Deep Space Network in 2026 is crucial for managing and communicating with increasingly complex lunar and interplanetary missions, such as future Chandrayaan and Mars missions.

The NGLV, powered by advanced engines like the semi-cryogenic one, is designed for heavier payloads and more complex missions, including deep space exploration and deploying larger satellites, thus enhancing ISRO's capabilities in these areas.

Semi-cryogenic engines, which use liquid oxygen and a refined kerosene-based propellant (like RP-1), offer higher thrust and efficiency compared to traditional cryogenic or hypergolic engines, making them suitable for heavy-lift launch vehicles like the NGLV.

ISRO successfully tested a semi-cryogenic engine for its Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) in 2026, marking a significant step towards future heavy-lift capabilities.