Science & Technology MCQs - 2026-08-20

AI-powered diagnostic tools can significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy by identifying subtle patterns often missed by human eyes. More importantly, they offer scalability, allowing for widespread screening programs in underserved areas, thereby improving access to early diagnosis without requiring a proportional increase in specialized human experts.

AI algorithms have achieved high accuracy in detecting signs of diabetic retinopathy from retinal scans, often outperforming human experts in initial screening. This breakthrough is crucial for early intervention and preventing irreversible vision loss in diabetic patients.

AI has made substantial progress in radiology, where algorithms can analyze X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs to detect anomalies, assist in disease diagnosis (e.g., cancer, pneumonia), and improve workflow efficiency for radiologists. While AI is also used in ophthalmology, radiology represents a broader and more impactful breakthrough in image interpretation across various diseases.

NGLV is being designed as a heavy-lift, reusable launch vehicle with a payload capacity of 10-tonne to GTO, aiming to replace or complement the LVM3 (GSLV Mk III) for future heavy satellite launches and human spaceflight missions.

ISRO is focusing on developing semi-cryogenic engines for NGLV. These engines use refined kerosene (RP-1) as fuel and liquid oxygen (LOX) as oxidizer, offering a higher thrust-to-weight ratio and being more cost-effective than fully cryogenic engines.

The Next-Gen Launch Vehicle (NGLV) is envisioned as a heavy-lift, reusable rocket, with reusability of the first stage being a key feature to reduce launch costs and enable higher launch frequency, similar to SpaceX's Falcon 9.