Environment & Ecology MCQs

Wetlands act as natural filters, purifying water, and also play a vital role in regulating water flow, thus providing flood control. These are crucial ecosystem services that the restoration campaign seeks to enhance.

The primary objective of the Nationwide Wetland Restoration Campaign is to improve the ecological health, enhance biodiversity, and restore the ecosystem services provided by wetlands.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is the nodal ministry for wetland conservation and management in India and is primarily responsible for the Nationwide Wetland Restoration Campaign.

While international corporations can play a role in sustainable practices, international fossil fuel corporations are generally not considered primary stakeholders in biodiversity conservation efforts, as their core business often conflicts with conservation goals. Indigenous communities, government bodies, research institutions, and NGOs are crucial stakeholders.

The '30x30' target, aiming to protect and conserve at least 30% of the planet's land and oceans by 2030, is a cornerstone of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and a key national target for India.

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, adopted at COP15 in December 2022, sets out 23 targets for 2030 to halt and reverse biodiversity loss. India's strengthened implementation efforts are crucial for achieving these global goals.

India is actively participating in the ongoing negotiations for a legally binding international instrument on plastic pollution, often referred to as the Global Plastic Treaty, under the aegis of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). This treaty aims to address the full lifecycle of plastic, including marine litter.

India banned the manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale, and use of identified single-use plastic items from July 1, 2022, as part of its efforts to curb plastic pollution, including in coastal areas.

The 'Swachh Sagar, Surakshit Sagar' (Clean Coast, Safe Sea) campaign was launched in July 2022, covering 75 beaches across 75 districts along India's coastline. It aimed to clean up beaches and promote sustainable practices to combat marine plastic pollution.

Project Tiger was launched in 1973 by the Government of India with the objective of ensuring a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats and to protect them from extinction.