Environment & Ecology MCQs - 2026-08-28

Sea-level rise pushes the saltwater wedge further inland, while over-extraction of freshwater from coastal aquifers reduces the hydrostatic pressure that naturally prevents saltwater intrusion, exacerbating the problem.

The ICZM Project adopts a holistic approach to manage coastal zones, focusing on balancing environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, and the sustainable development of coastal communities' livelihoods.

Mangrove restoration and afforestation are 'soft' adaptation strategies that use natural ecosystems to protect coastlines, absorb storm energy, and reduce erosion. Seawalls and breakwaters are 'hard' engineering solutions, while relocation is a drastic measure.

OECMs are areas that are not formally designated as Protected Areas but are managed in a way that achieves effective in-situ conservation of biodiversity, often through the efforts of local communities, indigenous peoples, or private landowners.

While National Parks have stricter regulations, Wildlife Sanctuaries, notified by State Governments, allow for certain human activities and sustainable resource extraction by local communities, provided they do not harm wildlife.

India's protected area network, comprising National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves, and Community Reserves, covers approximately 5-6% of its total geographical area, playing a crucial role in biodiversity conservation.

The SIGHT programme focuses on providing financial incentives to boost the domestic manufacturing of electrolysers and the production of green hydrogen, thereby reducing costs and accelerating adoption.

Green hydrogen is produced through the electrolysis of water using electricity generated from renewable energy sources, ensuring minimal carbon emissions.

The National Green Hydrogen Mission targets a green hydrogen production capacity of 5 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) per annum by 2030.