Environment & Ecology MCQs

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and sustainable land management are widely recognized and recommended strategies for building resilience in vulnerable ecosystems, integrating ecological principles with human well-being. The other options are either environmentally detrimental, impractical, or incomplete.

Himalayan ecosystem vulnerability directly impacts water resources (feeding major rivers), agricultural practices, and the livelihoods of millions dependent on these resources in the region. The other options are either geographically irrelevant or not primary impacts.

The decline in glacial mass and subsequent alteration of river flow patterns due to climate change is a well-documented and critical vulnerability of the Himalayan ecosystem. Other options are not accurate or major threats.

Conservation plans for wildlife and ecosystems in India typically fall under the purview of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).

While sustainable dolphin tourism might be part of a conservation plan, promoting it as the 'sole economic driver' is generally not a primary objective. Conservation plans focus on holistic protection, threat mitigation, and research, often integrating sustainable livelihoods but not exclusively through one channel.

The topic explicitly states 'India Launches National Dolphin Conservation Action Plan 2026-2031', indicating its launch in 2026 with a duration from 2026 to 2031.

The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Plan, implemented by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), is a key initiative for the sustainable management and assessment of India's coastal ecosystems.

Coastal ecosystems primarily include mangroves, coral reefs, estuaries, lagoons, and sandy beaches, all of which are vital for biodiversity and coastal protection and are assessed for their health.

Coastal ecosystem health assessments aim to evaluate the ecological status, identify threats, and inform conservation strategies against climate change and human pressures to protect coastal biodiversity.