What does "Net-Zero Emissions" primarily imply in the context of India's 2070 target?
A Completely stopping all greenhouse gas emissions
B Balancing the amount of greenhouse gases produced with the amount removed from the atmosphere
C Reducing emissions by 50% from 2005 levels
D Achieving 100% renewable energy usage
Answer: B
Net-Zero emissions mean achieving a balance between the greenhouse gases put into the atmosphere and those taken out, effectively having no net impact on the climate.
72.
When did India announce its commitment to achieve Net-Zero emissions by 2070?
A COP21 Paris
B COP26 Glasgow
C COP27 Sharm El Sheikh
D G20 Summit New Delhi
Answer: B
India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced this target at the COP26 summit in Glasgow in November 2021.
73.
What conservation measures are crucial for protecting the amphibian diversity of the Western Ghats?
A Strict regulation of pesticide use in agricultural areas.
B Restoration and conservation of forest cover and water bodies.
C Creating wildlife corridors to connect fragmented habitats.
D All of the above.
Answer: D
Effective conservation of Western Ghats' amphibians requires a multi-pronged approach, including reducing pollution from pesticides, protecting and restoring their natural habitats (forests and water sources), and ensuring connectivity between these habitats through wildlife corridors.
74.
The Western Ghats are recognized globally as a biodiversity hotspot. Which of the following amphibian groups is particularly diverse and endemic to this region?
A Frogs of the genus Fejervarya
B Caecilians (limbless amphibians)
C Salamanders of the genus Tylototriton
D Toads of the genus Bufo
Answer: B
The Western Ghats are known for their high diversity of caecilians, a group of limbless, burrowing amphibians, many species of which are endemic to the region and are facing significant threats.
75.
According to recent reports, what is the primary reason cited for the decline in amphibian diversity in the Western Ghats?
A Natural evolutionary processes and species competition.
B Habitat loss and fragmentation due to deforestation and land-use change.
C Introduction of invasive amphibian species from other regions.
D A sudden and widespread amphibian disease outbreak.
Answer: B
The most significant driver of amphibian decline in the Western Ghats, as highlighted by numerous studies, is the destruction and fragmentation of their habitats due to human activities like agriculture, urbanization, and infrastructure development.
76.
The National Coastal Resilience Mission is expected to address which of the following key challenges faced by India's coastline?
A Only sea-level rise and coastal erosion.
B Increased frequency and intensity of cyclones and storm surges.
C Salinization of coastal aquifers and damage to coastal ecosystems like mangroves.
D All of the above.
Answer: D
The mission is designed to be comprehensive, addressing a range of climate-related threats to the coastline, including sea-level rise, coastal erosion, increased cyclone activity, storm surges, salinization of groundwater, and the degradation of vital coastal ecosystems.
77.
Which ministry is primarily responsible for the implementation of the National Coastal Resilience Mission?
A Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
B Ministry of Earth Sciences
C Ministry of Home Affairs
D Ministry of Shipping
Answer: B
The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) is the nodal ministry for the National Coastal Resilience Mission, focusing on scientific research, monitoring, and developing strategies for coastal adaptation and mitigation.
78.
What is the primary objective of the National Coastal Resilience Mission launched by India?
A To promote coastal tourism and infrastructure development.
B To enhance the resilience of coastal communities and ecosystems to climate change impacts and natural disasters.
C To regulate fishing activities and maritime trade along the Indian coastline.
D To establish a dedicated naval force for coastal security.
Answer: B
The National Coastal Resilience Mission aims to strengthen the capacity of coastal regions to withstand and recover from the impacts of climate change, such as sea-level rise, extreme weather events, and coastal erosion, thereby protecting both human populations and natural ecosystems.
79.
Which of the following urban planning elements is crucial for supporting biodiversity in a heat-mitigated city?
A Maximizing impervious surfaces.
B Creating connected green corridors and stepping stones.
C Eliminating all natural water sources.
D Using artificial turf instead of natural grass.
Answer: B
Connected green spaces allow wildlife to move between habitats, find food and shelter, and maintain genetic diversity, which is essential for urban biodiversity, especially when combined with heat mitigation strategies.
80.
How does the implementation of a 'green roof' strategy contribute to both urban heat mitigation and biodiversity?
A Green roofs absorb sunlight, increasing urban temperatures.
B They provide insulation, reducing building energy consumption, and can support plant and insect life.
C Green roofs are primarily for aesthetic purposes and have no environmental impact.
D They increase stormwater runoff, exacerbating urban flooding.
Answer: B
Green roofs insulate buildings, reducing the urban heat island effect, and the vegetation can provide microhabitats for insects and birds, contributing to urban biodiversity.
