Environment & Ecology MCQs

The development of bio-concrete involves understanding material properties (material science) and the biological requirements for coral growth and settlement (marine biology).

The analogy 'rainforests of the sea' is used for coral reefs because of their exceptionally high biodiversity, supporting a vast array of marine life.

Early trials of the bio-concrete technology for coral reef restoration have been conducted in the Great Barrier Reef and the Caribbean, indicating successful initial results.

Climate change leading to ocean warming and bleaching, pollution from various sources, and unsustainable fishing practices are the primary drivers of coral reef degradation worldwide.

The bio-concrete is designed to mimic the natural calcium carbonate structure of coral skeletons and is infused with beneficial microbes and nutrients that actively encourage coral polyp attachment and growth, leading to faster recruitment and survival rates.

As marine species struggle to survive or migrate away from low-oxygen areas, fisheries are negatively impacted, affecting the livelihoods of millions in coastal communities.

Deoxygenated environments can become sites for the production of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas with a much higher warming potential than CO2.

Dead zones are regions in the ocean where oxygen levels have dropped so low that most marine organisms, especially fish and crustaceans, cannot survive.

Warmer water holds less dissolved oxygen, and nutrient pollution from land leads to algal blooms that consume oxygen when they decompose, both contributing significantly to deoxygenation.

Ocean deoxygenation refers to the alarming decline in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the world's oceans.