MCQs 2026

The exercise aims to strengthen the strategic partnership, enhance interoperability, and address common maritime security threats.

The 'Sea Guardian' series of naval exercises is conducted between the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) of China and the Pakistan Navy.

Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) in Mumbai is the shipyard responsible for building the Scorpène-class submarines under Project 75.

Project 75 involves the indigenous construction of six Scorpène-class submarines by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) with technology transfer from France.

INS Vagir is the fifth submarine of the Kalvari-class (Scorpène-class) submarines being built under Project 75.

A more robust and expanded DSN allows ISRO to manage multiple deep space missions concurrently, reduce communication delays, and receive more detailed scientific data from spacecraft operating far from Earth.

Expanding the DSN involves upgrading ground stations with larger antennas and more sensitive receivers to handle the weaker signals from distant spacecraft and to transmit data more efficiently, which is a focus for ISRO by 2026.

The expansion of ISRO's Deep Space Network in 2026 is crucial for managing and communicating with increasingly complex lunar and interplanetary missions, such as future Chandrayaan and Mars missions.

The NGLV, powered by advanced engines like the semi-cryogenic one, is designed for heavier payloads and more complex missions, including deep space exploration and deploying larger satellites, thus enhancing ISRO's capabilities in these areas.

Semi-cryogenic engines, which use liquid oxygen and a refined kerosene-based propellant (like RP-1), offer higher thrust and efficiency compared to traditional cryogenic or hypergolic engines, making them suitable for heavy-lift launch vehicles like the NGLV.